Social Commentary in Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre Essay Example

Social Commentary in Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre Essay Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre has now achieved a famous status as an artistic work. There are a few explanations for this accomplishment. The first is the natural magnificence and intricacy of the novel. The turns, turns and variances of fortune that contain the plot are both unique and locks in. The second most prominent part of the novel is its origin by a lady. Albeit initially distributed under a male nom de plume, is obvious to the circumspect peruser that the work is by a lady, as it contains various bits of knowledge into female brain research. At long last, the novel is on the double sharp and condemning of the then existing normal practices and customs, which were to a great extent unjustifiable to ladies and the oppressed. Thus, Jane Eyre is a rich wellspring of data on English society of mid nineteenth century. It was a time when the modern transformation was coming to fruition and having sweeping effect on financial, social and social life. Bronte’s great nov el catches well a general public trapped in this change. We can perceive how, regardless of crucial changes to the association of monetary action, social chains of command (both inside and outside the family) were clutching business as usual. Perusing Jane Eyre in this scenery offers the peruser intriguing points of view on sociological issues confronting the England of mid nineteenth century. Jane Eyre has a place with the ‘bildungsroman’ (transitioning) artistic type, in that the story begins at Ms. Eyre’s youth and portrays her turn of events and development into adulthood. The development of Jane is physical, mental and profound. What's more, it is this adjusted advancement that is the key fascination in the novel. Else, it may have effortlessly transformed out into a common mash sentiment fiction with no enduring worth. One of the fundamental issues that Jane Eyre is worried about is sexual orientation relations. Perceived today as a critical women's activist content, there are a few representative just as solid attacks into women’s issues. One of the most striking of these imageries is ‘the madwoman in the attic’, portraying Mr. Rochester’s first spouse who is intellectually sick. It is through portrayals of such social circumstances that the emancipative account methodologies of the work become visible, whereby, the cre ator both hides and uncovers social and mental certainties about women’s lives. For instance, â€Å"their outrage at being treated as sexual articles in the marriage showcase, and, incomprehensibly, their staggering want to adore and be cherished by men with whom they can never be equal.† (Griesinger, 2008, p.30) We will compose a custom paper test on Social Commentary in Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Social Commentary in Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Social Commentary in Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The instance of the madwoman is a socio-scholarly system utilized by other female creators of the time also. Along these lines, they were indicating further implications underneath surface structures that hide or dark such understandings. Like Bronte’s madwoman, â€Å"these distant implications are bolted up, in a manner of speaking, in the â€Å"attic† of the text.† (Griesinger, 2008, p.30) It is for this rich social discourse that Jane Eyre keeps on being concentrated by ladies in contemporary period. For instance, the novel exceeds expectations in its treatment of women’s issues, including women’s training, the situation of the tutor, and fairness in marriage. It ought to be recollected however, that while unpretentious women's activist messages in the novel are commended, there are increasingly basic understandings that question Bronte’s understood acknowledgment of prejudice and dominion, which are really rebellious to the women's activi st reason. Another intriguing feature to Jane Eyre is its remark on otherworldliness and Christianity. In the same way as other contemporary authors of hers, the salvation of the spirit is one of the distractions of Bronte’s works. Her perspectives regarding the matter changed from that of writers like Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy and George Eliot, in that, she was not clearly incredulous of strict confidence when all is said in done and the Christian tenet specifically. During the Victorian period, outreaching Christianity was turning into an acknowledged type of strict purposeful publicity. In light of what we can gather from Jane Eyre, unmistakably she was influenced by the zealous development to a degree. The Victorian time was when complex strains existed â€Å"between Evangelical, Calvinist, and Methodist religious philosophies that moved through and at last partitioned the set up Church of England which Bronte loved†¦Gallagher is the first to recognize Jane Eyre as a â€Å"Christian women's activist bildungsroman†. Distributed in 1847 when Bronte was thirty-one, Jane Eyre is in any event somewhat personal, which opens the opportunities for thinking about how Jane’s otherworldly bildung, particularly in the early segments of the novel, may mirror that of Charlotte Bronte. The impact of religion on Bronte is both clear and dark. Clearly quite a bit of what she saw, heard and read was worried about religion. It isn't evident how she initially responded to the assortment of strict convictions she encountered.† (Griesinger, 2008, p.31) Another factor that adds intricacy to Jane Eyre is Bronte’s blending of sorts in the work. This loans the novel to sociological investigation from different disciplinary points of view. One can observer a staggering ideological rationalization that appears to shut down toward the novel’s end to a â€Å"apparently dainty monological stream. Bronte’ huge uprooting of the residential qualities toward the deplorable and legendary, however it misses the mark regarding extreme accomplishment, gives her work an edge of prevalence over that of other Victorian novelists.† (Peters, 1996, p.59) This evaluation is best exemplified in the last entries of the work, where the autonomous and intense Jane Eyre settles down to a real existence in commitment of Mr. Rochester. Is this an acquiescence to dug in normal practices or unreasonable directs of sentimental love? Further, â€Å"Has Bronte neglected to remove her vision from the evidently descending tending â€Å"domestic† to accomplish the â€Å"tragic and mythical† and subsequently neglected to satisfy the vision she appeared to offer ladies? Or then again is it maybe that Bronte is raising the household to the degree of the legendary? An assessment of Bronte’s utilization of the Cinderella story in Jane Eyre focuses to the last end: Jane Eyre melds the local to the mythical.† (Clarke, 2000, p. 695)

Stella Dallas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Stella Dallas - Essay Example This earnestness is underscored in teaching people to talk in one’s own voice, without falling into narcissistic self-control. It is a type of teaching individuals to turn their voice of the â€Å"I† outward, towards a turning out to be network that is friendly to outsiders, and permits space for the imperceptible and peripheral voice to be recognized. This backing is a type of instructing people without stories of self-serving acknowledgment. Really taking shape of â€Å"the incredible man,† that is to state, a figure ready to support autonomy in any event, when encircled by numerous others, is simply the principle postulation of Emerson’s Reliance.† While this is a delighting call to trust in ourselves, a prompt, well known response can be normal: Is this not very egocentric a thought of oneself to be faultless today? Because of common reactions of the Emersonian self on the grounds of its extreme accentuation on the individual side of independence , Buell contends that the individual in Emerson is endorsed by indifference and depersonalization. A ramifications of Buell’s see is that the fundamental drive in Emerson’s record of oneself is antagonistic, that is, it is a shirking of the individual. In any case, is this the main method of reacting to Emerson’s call for individuals to become confident? In reacting to this direness, the negative methodology of perusing Emerson doesn't appear to be satisfactory. The assignment for the way of thinking of training is to offer a basic system for reexamining the structure of language and oneself so as to connect the individual and people in general. The motivation behind this exposition is to investigate an elective opportunities for perusing this challenged entry of Emerson, a perusing that disagrees with the constrained edges of both the overarching analysis of the free figure and the guard. This article proposes one chance of such a talk for training through a re evaluation of Emerson that focuses on the subject of the instruction of the confident individual, from the deepest to the outmost. A fundamental figure through which we could see what is really in question here is Stanley Cavell’s thought of â€Å"Emersonian moral perfectionism.† In his enemy of foundationalist way to deal with compulsiveness, Cavell destabilizes the manner in which we traditionally think about oneself. He imagines a potential way from the private to general society, demonstrating the stylish and the existential to be preconditions for our political turning out to be. As it were, Cavell’s image of the Emersonian self destabilizes any idea of the â€Å"real me.† Herein, oneself is understood not as something negative but instead, as certifiable. Especially, the class he recognizes as the Hollywood drama of the obscure lady †exemplified by the film Stella Dallas †is analyzed as a â€Å"perfectionist narrative,† with â€Å" prophetic language† being featured as one of its key highlights. Given this method of examination, it destabilizes view of oneself and of the self’s connection to language, and will show why the obviously incomprehensible idea of hostile to foundationalist compulsiveness is essential in the section from the deepest to the outmost. All in all, I will guarantee that Cavell’s thoughts can fill in as a basic restorative to the well known talk in account training and political instruction: its elective vision of training can stir the person to discover their own voice. Cavell’

Sample My Experience at the School Library

'Sample My Experience at the School Library'I am teaching a course on Public Speaking and was asked to deliver a 'Sample My Experience at the School Library' essay for an English Lit class. I had never written anything like this before, but was happy to share my story with students and encourage them to explore their own personal experiences and write about them. The resource book provided me with some great ideas for creative ways to approach the assignment, but I thought I would give some other examples of similar essays.We always take a hands-on approach to teach our students, but sometimes that leads to students being distracted and not paying attention. As the Reader in the class, I was reminded of how many of my best students actually become quiet readers when I read them my works of fiction. I know that there are many books out there that can inspire students to be a great writer. I also know that there are many books that can inspire students to become great readers. As teach ers, we should never take our students' attention away from the books themselves!One student took this sample my experience at the school library essay as a chance to tell a story of his or her own. She knew she was going to create a wonderful essay that told of a personal experience, so she asked me for some sample stories that I could use in her essay. I have to admit that I do not remember the names of all of the students who wrote these stories, but I remember these three, for obvious reasons. I have given them to other teachers and asked them to review their own Works of Fiction works, and each one has expressed an interest in exploring these stories further.The first student wrote a story about her mother, a boarding school teacher in California. Her mother was very creative and always wanted to be in the literary world, so her mother's story was also a story about her personal development. This student was thrilled with the advice I gave her, and I was inspired by the creativ e story she shared. The best thing about this story is that the student presented a condensed version of the story as well as a two-page summary, which I incorporated into the next lesson, where we all review some of the major points of a story.The second student, from New York, took the opportunity to write about her mentor, her friend, or her main character. We were discussing a favorite story from her school days and the student's story involved a life lesson. This student presented a detailed account of her experience as well as a video of the events that led up to her telling the story. The story was also presented on a PowerPoint presentation, and I found it very inspiring. In fact, I learned so much in this lesson, and it was such a great lesson!The final student wrote a story about being arrested and spending a night in jail for littering. This student was not only arrested and spent a night in jail, but she shared her story with the class. The student was sure to give her s tory the power of a scene or storyboard. In fact, when I saw her speak, I knew that she had created a powerful storyboard, with the students being able to see how the story was told.The student was so impressed with her resource book that she came back to me and asked for more materials. She did, however, want to tell her story again, but this time with more detail and help in writing her storyboard. I was able to recommend an excellent author, an excellent lesson plan, and a great resource book.The student was so proud of her story, and it was such a pleasure to hear from her after the assignment was done. We loved helping her out, and she is very excited about writing her own book. We learned so much from this assignment, and now the student who wrote about her own criminal activities is writing a book about her experiences at the school library!

Factors That Cause The Police Of Racial Profiling

There are many factors that cause citizens to resent police officers. A major problem that causes people to dislike police is racial profiling. Racial profiling is a nationwide problem, and often topics of many lawsuits and public debate. According to the United States Department of Justice, racial profiling is, any police-initiated action that relies on the race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than the behavior of an individual or information that leads the police to a particular individual who has been identified as being, or having been, engaged in criminal activity. (Ramirez, McDevitt, Farrell, 2000, p. 3) Racial profiling could consist of various practices that police officers engage in. For example, they could pull†¦show more content†¦Tension between police and minority groups have caused many violent riots throughout the years. The 1992 Los Angeles riots were mainly due to black-white tensions, and the public’s response to the acquittal of Los Angeles police officers in the case against Rodney King (Baldassare, 1994). Agencies have taken notice of this problem and are now doing their best to try to reverse societies perceptions of racial profiling. This paper will explore the problem of racial profiling, and how police agencies are now using new policies and techniques to help limit it. A popular belief for citizens of the United States is that black drivers are more likely to be pulled over than white drivers. Also, once they are pulled over, they are more likely to be searched if they are black. Rosenfeld, Rojek, and Decker (2011) found, through a combinati on of studies, that blacks are more likely to be searched than whites for younger drivers. They are also more likely to be searched. Their results change, however, when looking at older drivers over the age of 30. In that situation, traffic stops are close to being equal, and white drivers are more likely to be searched. They speculate that older black men no longer have a defiant attitude as younger blacks, so they cooperate accordingly with the officer. They point out their possible flaws in their studies stating that these show only one city or police agency with their results, and racial profiling could be much

Farmers Suicide - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 487 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Suicide Essay Did you like this example? Agriculture is largest and most sector of the Indian economy. More than 60% of the people depend upon agriculture about 68% live on it in villages. According to the official estimate of 1991 census 40.4% of rural population is estimates to live below the povety line against 28.1% in urban areas. According to the royal agricultural commission,An Indian is born in debt,lives in debt, dies in debt and passes it over to the successors after his death is from to a very great exent even to today. Farmers are living in such condition that they need money to purchases bullocks,agriculture implements, seeds. They need money to fulfill various social obligations and meets the requirements of social customs,tradition,festivals, marriages, education, health, etc.But due unavailability of water, uncertainty of nature. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Farmers Suicide" essay for you Create order Failure of crop or glut in market him into a quagmire of indebtedness. Some of them think that life is not worth living any more and end up committing suicide. Suicide by farmers on such a large scale in India is perphaps unprecended in history of Indian agriculture. Even during the 1950s when the Gorwala commitee reported the famers were heavily ondebted to villages money-lenders or sahukars. But we never heard of farmers suicides during those days. Farmers suicides in Vidarbha region and Maharashtra state,have assumed serious proportions,attracting the assertion of PM of India. The UPA Govt. of the centre in its now budget has announced 60,000 corers schemes to waive off farmer loan and state govt. also implemented it. After the package, the suicides cases not stopped. In current situation on suicide of farmers in Maharashtra we should identify its relationship with some social-economic factors. In paticular some question arise about it. What is the nature of the current cultivation organzation? Is it also associated with rural credit scenario ? Is there a withdrawal of states support from rural agrarian scenario? Is there is a geographical concentration of suicides? It is high among certain social group? Is indebtedness an important stressor? Actually many social economic causes are responsible for it. The issue of series of farmer suicides is much more complex,as it get mixed up with purely politics and vote polotics.So the social economic aspect should be consider, be identified at macro or micro level, Because it is difficult to identity all posible factors. Apart from it following are some suggestion which can be reduce future suicides of farmers-Increase in water availabilty through watershed development,Raising productivity of agriculture ,Changes in cropping pattern,Soil improvement, Self help group programme,Agriculture production price policy, Opportunity of regular electric supply, industry non farm empolyment,change in cropping pattern,control of Govt. on private moneylenders, insurance schemes,special loan for marriages,education.,Agriculture education and farmers counseling, MLA, MP, Local leaders contribution cooperation. Thus the suicides of farmers in Maharashtra can be reduced and rural people as well as nation will set the U.N. millennium development goal.

Undocumented Workers Are Important Too - 1450 Words

Often too much we assume that undocumented workers are taking more and more jobs of American citizens, but that is not the case. Undocumented workers come from other countries to live and have a better living of life for not only them but for their families as well. They often work doing jobs that pay very little for an extreme amount of hard labor from dusk till dawn. If it’s not being a custodian, which the women do, then its men working doing construction. Undocumented workers deserve the right to get paid an equal amount as a citizen does working full-time and overtime, receive compensation benefits for injuries, and the right to be free from discrimination if they aren’t going to lead them to a path towards citizenship.†¦show more content†¦According to an article, it states â€Å"Employers argued that the IRCA and the Supreme Courts decision in Hoffman makes it illegal for an undocumented alien to obtain employment benefits in the United States. (31) How ever, people who qualify as employees based on the statutory definition drafted by the respective state legislature are eligible for workers compensation benefits, and illegal immigrants can be designated as employees and thus be eligible for benefits† (Fisenberg and Presmanes.) If you are working in the U.S. undocumented or not you deserve the rights to receive benefits from your job because they are responsible not you. â€Å"In July 2003, a court granted $948,405 from the Employees Compensation Assistance Fund to the widow of an illegal worker who was killed while demolishing a wall at a Shekkipmei construction site in April 2002† (Jim. T Query, Ph.D.) Many people think that the solution to the problem of giving undocumented workers benefits, is to just not hire them that way they aren’t responsible and won’t have to pay for their injuries, but in reality that is never going to happen. As much as people want to get rid of illegal immigrants and think th at not giving them employment will solve everything they are sadly mistaken because as each day comes and goes more and more undocumented workers are coming to the U.S. Mexican workers are always at high risk for injuries and death and in order to solve this problem is rather simple, theyShow MoreRelatedThe American Immigration System is Broken Essay923 Words   |  4 Pagesreform is enjoying an increasingly high voice among people. American immigration system is broken. Too many employers take advantage of the system by hiring undocumented workers which currently are estimated at 11 million. This is not good for the economy nor the country. Imaging a day without these undocumented workers in United States. No bus driver, farm worker, cooker, nurse, construction worker, waiter, house keeper, gardener or nanny can be found. Nobody drive bus, pick fruit, wash dishes, buildRead MoreThe Immigration Became Illegal By Aviva Chomsky1510 Words   |  7 PagesAmericans may often forget th at immigrants are human beings too. A lot of them may not see all the risks that comes with trying to cross the border along with all the issues and problems immigrants face. In Aviva Chomsky’s â€Å"How immigration became illegal† she tries to get Americans to understand what it might feel like trying to come to America and really shows it from an immigrant perspective. Chomsky really talks about all the issues and problems immigrants face trying to come to America and theRead MoreImmigration Reform : A Very Touchy Subject858 Words   |  4 PagesStates is estimated to have 11 million undocumented immigrants in the United States. According to Berman by â€Å"[r]emoving all 11.2 million undocumented immigrants, both forcibly and through Mitt Romney s infamous self-deportation policy, would take about 20 years and cost the government between $400 billion and $600 billion† (Berman, 2015, para. 3). The 11 million undocumented immigrants is estimate and not a hard number. I believe there is a lot more undocumented immigrants that would raise estimatedRead MoreA Major Public Issue That Currently Affects Us Is Immigration1452 Words   |  6 Pagesthe government, it has always been a problem. Deportation is an issue that does not only affect the immigrant; their family, the community, and even the economy is affected too. When evaluating what immi grants provide and contribute both in the national and state level, one will realize that banning or deporting the undocumented is not the best solution. The purpose of this topic is to help reveal what positive outcomes can come from not banning or deporting immigrants and how public awareness canRead MoreThe Ethnography Labor And Legality1233 Words   |  5 Pagesof ten different undocumented immigrant men living and working in the Chicago area. These men have been called the Lions by the author because they all originate from the same city in Mexico called Le?n. These men differ meaningfully in their beliefs, experiences, and plans for the future, but they also have important things in common. They are friends, and in some cases brothers and cousins, who share the reputation of being ?illegal aliens? and the dignity of being hard workers and family men. TheirRead MoreCitizenship And The Right For Public Education For Undocumented Immigrants Essay1580 Words   |  7 PagesAs an immigrant to the United States from El Salvador, I was really inclined to attend Robert Koulish’s talk titled â€Å"Citizenship and the Right to Public Education for Undocumented Immigrants.† I came to the US when I was six years old in 2000, it has been 16 years since I have been here. I remember very little from my birth country and most of my memories have been made in the United States. The community that raised and helped to sculpt my values is not in El Salvador, rather it is in Maryland,Read MoreThe State Of Arizona Is A Gripping Documentary1635 Words   |  7 Pageslaw through the voices and lives of individuals who were on both sides of the coin. The flawed immigration system in the United States caused a ripple effect that hit Arizona hard and led to the tripling of the undocumented population in Arizona. This caused hatred towards the undocumented population due to fears of crime related to Mexican drug rings and competition for jobs. The federal government did not act on these immigration issues and this forced the state of Arizona to pass a series of legislaturesRead MoreNegative Effects Of Immigration In America1651 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican adults is lowered due to undocumented workers is because employers can pay an illegal immigrant less, making it difficult for Americans to receive higher pay, when the employer can pay less for an illegal immigrant. Illegal immigrants are receiving close to $25,000 from the government, but paying the government close to $11,000 in taxes. This causes an estimated household deficit of $14,500 and this adds up, per household, to $54.5 billion (Hunt). Undocumented workers are taking jobs from AmericansRead MoreBenefits Of Immigration Reform During The United States Essay1651 Words   |  7 Pages46 percent of the entire immigrant population in the United States in 2012, making them the most impacted demographic of this reforms outcome. Young Latinos continue to fight at the forefront of the b attle for immigration reform today, and it is important to reflect on the past reforms alike to understand why the current immigration reform would be beneficial to our economy, and future of our country. The current immigration reform should pass through congress because of the economical benefits itRead MoreUndocumented Immigrants Should Not Be A Citizen Of The United States1574 Words   |  7 Pagesthe granting of legal status to undocumented immigrants would be a boon for the United States’ economy. Moreover, allowing undocumented immigrants to become U.S. citizens would be equally beneficial to America. Legal status and citizenship enable undocumented immigrants to produce and earn significantly more than they do when they are on the economic sidelines. The resulting productivity and wage gains ripple through the economy because immigrants are not just workers, but they are also consumers and

The Pawns Seventh Square free essay sample

â€Å"Go.† Silence. â€Å"Seriously, hurry up Dad!!† As a twelve year old, I impatiently awaited my turn at chess. My father thought his move through, and then took a pawn with his knight, leaving my king in check and my queen in danger. I lost my queen the next move, and I lost the entire match in a few more. Although my father is an accomplished chess player, he is also a role model for behavior and success. We have been playing chess against each other for many years; most of our matches taking place when we camp as a family on youthful Conway Lake. The lake is a relaxing getaway from the chaotic vortex of family matters, schoolwork, sports responsibilities, and the tempting technology that exists in my home town of Hull, Massachusetts. Without distraction, I am able to learn the hidden lessons that my father may or may not know that he is teaching. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pawns Seventh Square or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One thing that I have noticed is that when he makes mistakes (rarely), he does not become angry. Mistakes to him are simply a part of life that we all have to deal with. I learned to develop patience while he made his long moves after organizing the cold calculations in his head. Eventually as I grew up, I learned to strategize my own moves during this time instead of wasting it. Most importantly, I have learned to solve problems using the tools at hand. Often in chess, one does not have every piece available as they attempt to assault their adversary’s king. If one stays positive and uses every piece to its fullest potential, however, it does not even matter which ones are used! This problem solving philosophy has enabled me to gain perspective and use all facets of available resources to create solutions to everyday challenges. Everyone starts with the same tools that help them to get accepted to college; test scores, class rank, extracurricular activities. But what really matters is how the tools are used. Anybody can put up numbers, but behind the numbers, is there a face? Is there a personality? Is there an insatiable hunger, a ravenous desire for success? My name is Paul, I play to win, and I will take on all challengers. Looking back at this past summer, I see encouraging growth within my own person. Seven squares later, I celebrated my first chess victory against my father. Through trial and error, failure and refinement, I have been able to overcome my obstacles. That same feeling of victory flows through me now as I envision college success. The feeling of knowing that I am up to the challenge of college is exhilarating, and it is time. I am ready to make my move.

Vitamins Segmentation free essay sample

Market segmentation is an integral part of a company’s marketing strategy. It is the process of breaking down a larger market into smaller and more homogeneous groups of customers to define their needs and wants more precisely. Characteristics of individuals, groups, or organizations are the variables used to divide total market into segments. Consumer markets can be segmented based on the following customer characteristics: geographic, demographic, psychographic, and behavioral. Vitamins, like other complex consumer products with expansive varieties, need to be segmented using multiple variables. There are many different consumers in this market buying vitamins to fill many various needs. Since consumers often possess largely diverse demographic and psychographic profiles, no single product can effectively target and serve the entire vitamin market. Using demographic segmentation, mostly age, gender, and family life cycle, enables marketers to identify groups of customer with similar needs. Vitamin manufacturers offer their products to different age groups from infants to seniors. We will write a custom essay sample on Vitamins Segmentation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Multivitamins for children are packaged in colorful plastic bottles and feature famous characters, such as the Flintstones from Bayer or NatureSmart’s Disney Cars for boys and Princess for girls. Store brands like Walgreens’ own Children’s Multivitamin follows this trend but is priced more affordably. As we grow our vitamin intake alters. Individuals in their twenties need different vitamins than they do after turning fifty. Manufacturers target those age groups with various combinations of vitamins. They also segment them by gender offering different vitamins for males and females. Centrum’s Under 50 and Silver Men’s and Women’s are good examples of using multisegment targeting strategy. One-a-Day Women’s Petite (Bayer) is unique among competitors in which the manufacturer reduced the size of the pills to make it easier to swallow. Family life cycle is another demographic base manufacturers use to further segment their target market. Centrum’s Parental and NatureMades’s Multi Parental vitamins targets pregnant women, while Postnatal vitamin is made to take during nursing. Psychographic and benefit segmentation helps to analyze the characteristics and buying behavior of the group. Health conscious individuals presumably living a healthy lifestyle and motivated to invest in their health. Bone and joint, heart, brain, eye, and digestive system health supporter vitamins are some of the many categories consumers with health concerns can choose from. They seek benefits the product can provide for them. The many different types of vitamins with various combinations of ingredients are aimed at consumers looking for different benefits. For instance, some want beautiful hair, skin and nail while other want to strengthen their immune systems. The vitamin market is enormous and complex. Different manufacturers seem to use somewhat similar segmentations which makes extremely difficult to get through of the labyrinth of the vitamins. Mainstream names are using more sophisticated packaging to aim at consumers and entice them to buy their product. Store brands are less showy and may have a smaller variety, however, overall their products are less expensive and just as good as the competitors’.

English Summer Project Essay Essay Example

English Summer Project Essay Essay Example English Summer Project Essay Essay English Summer Project Essay Essay Connor Johanning English Summer Project A-2 Mrs. Razor The theme for my literacy is that everything has a connection. Such as during the summer, when I was on twitter I saw things regarding the shooting in the movie theater. I also saw news headlines on the subject along with facebook posts. At the time I was reading The City of Bones which is a book about violence and action and heroes. The connection between the book and the news was violence, violence is everywhere today, it has become ingrained in our civilization and is becoming a more regular thing. Back in the 1800s news of shootings outside of war was a very big deal. Nowadays, school shootings go nearly unnoticed after a couple of days, and no one seems to notice that in 24 hours 24 people were killed in shootings in the city of Chicago alone. Violence is a connection that can be seen in nearly everything today. During the school year while I was reading my assignments I noticed it said that hard work pays off in the long run, and that we should work hard once we are assigned a project instead of waiting until the last minute to do the project. I also saw that in the news there was an article on how hard work in school can help you improve your future life both financially and mentally. Hard work can prepare you for any task that would be hard to do. Hard work is connecting the assignment with the news. There is always a connection between two articles of writing, all literature is intertwined somewhere somehow in our minds. Something I noticed throughout this project is that I tend to read less formally in the summer, because there are less guidelines as far as reading. I can connect this to a web article that claimed that in the summer kids lose about 65-75% of all knowledge they gained over the school year. I found this claim very surprising yet I also find it understandable. Most children are not going to review notes during the summer to review for next years french courses or go over grammatical rules for fun. This is why summer projects are important to the curriculum. They give kids constructive work to do over the summer break that helps them retain some nowledge and habits they gained from last years classes. The last connection that I saw in everything I read was knowledge. In nearly everything people are trying to gain more knowledge. Whether it be the cure for a disease such as cancer or where the closest gas station is, people, whether they know it or not, are constantly consuming information in all ways. People learn from the news where the traffic Jams and road construction zones are. On twitter kids are finding out what everyone is doing and where people are going to hang out. On the web people are being fed information about anything they choose to look up, such as research on muscular dystrophy, or how old Micheal Jackson was when he started problem is people are less worried about retaining knowledge now that you can google anything you want. Connecting is a large part of literature as this project has shown me, I never thought that twitter could be connected to a book written 5 years ago, but never the less it can. Connections help us piece together everything we know, if we only have ne source of knowledge we cant expand that knowledge until further knowledge is gathered. If we have one book on a subject, we can read web articles that may or may not go into further detail, but may also point out other common facts not stated previously. Anything we see somewhere can be found elsewhere. The main connecting piece is our mind, which stores the information that we find and tells us how it shows up in other pieces of literature. Connections are made in everything and are what we use to gain and retain information.

Personal statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Personal statement - Essay Example Yet, despite the adversities that I encounter, I resolve to keep my head high and bravely face the challenges that come along my way. My dream is to finish the program Electrical Engineering in your reputable institution. Just knowing that your institution have accomplished alumni and outstanding teachers makes me very excited knowing that this is the best possible place to get educated. I hope that I would be given the privilege to finish my studies at your amazing institution. I am Betelhem, a migrant from Ethiopia where I finished my high school studies. My dream is to become an Electrical Engineer one day. Behind every dream is a story of which I would detail so this institution would understand my desire to pursue my dream. Because of my transfer to the United States, I was unable to finish my college degree at my country. Also, I was compelled to go out of my country because very few universities have an Electrical Engineering program. Besides, that program required a 4.0 GPA o f which I was unable to meet during my high school days. As a consequence, I had to pursue either Marketing or Accounting which were really not my interest at all. This was very upsetting for me since I could not accept anything less than becoming an Electrical Engineer someday. My dream to become an Electrical Engineer was an influence of my father. ... The buildings that were erected contributed to the infrastructural growth of the country. There was no way to compromise my dream so I convinced my family that I have to pursue my studies in this country. Leaving my mother and sister behind was heart breaking but I have more to look forward to. I know one day that I would come back as an Electrical Engineer. All the knowledge and experience I have gained would be shared to my fellowmen so I can be a productive member of my beloved Ethiopia. Looking back, more than five years has passed since I moved here. Currently, I am working on my transfer from Edmonds Community College. However, academic life is just one part of the struggles that I had to overcome when I moved in this country. There were far deeper concerns that I have to attend such as adjusting to the culture and language which really surprised me. Back in Ethiopia, I was excited to come to America since the media always portray this country as full of opportunities. Later, t he reality set in as gradually experienced what is it like to live in the United States and interact with members of this society. The language, the culture, the new sights and sounds seemed attractive yet frightening at the same time. After a few more years, I finally adjusted to my new environment clutching tightly to my dream. I resolved to pursue the dream whatever it takes. Another challenge took its place that almost quenched my desire to fulfill my dream is financial hardship. Going to college was quite complicated on my part since I have to work full time and squeeze in extra hours required by the job. Presently, I work as a sales associate at Macy’s department store. This has been my first job since I moved here.

Research paper of Afro-American Music Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Of Afro-American Music - Research Paper Example He started to sing about his freedom which was given to him after the proclamation of independence. Blues music rose from this period. During the earlier days blues was called folk-blues. Many blues singers got jobs in entertainment groups and troupes and shows. Later on country music gained popularity which resulted in blues singers integrating country music into their singing which later on developed into a country oriented blues style (Ruehl) Jazz music started its motion in New Orleans. Improvisation is the most defining feature of this type of music. Born in the south of America this music recognizes the pain of lost love, injustice, and gives expression to the victory of surviving a broken heart as well as facing down hardships. It was the great musical tradition of New Orleans that blended folk, African drumming, church music, ragtime, blues etc, jazz music was born (History of jazz ). Jazz and blues music have lots of similarities together. In fact both are tangled and it is very difficult to separate them. Both of the music has emerged from the southern part of America. It was very much popular with the Afro-American population of that region. The musical forms of both jazz and blues are as a result of the collision of traditionally African rhythms and with that of European classical and folk music. Both jazz and blues are beloved and uniquely American forms of music. The actual origins of both jazz and blues cannot be located precisely. They are quite shrouded. This is because these types of music were generated out of poverty and the persons who developed them did not know that the music would get popular in the future. But both these music forms can be related to African-American spirituals and with that of songs sung by slaves at work places. These music contained early blends of European -African music. .Both jazz and blues music were once considered music of the devil. These types of

The Causes Of World War One Essay Example for Free

The Causes Of World War One Essay In the immediate view, it seems that there are two main arguments attributed to the origins of the First World War. One is that the war was planned, the other that it occurred due to accident and miscalculation. I aim to give a detailed analysis of these two arguments with the focus being on the main European powers at the time Germany, Great Britain, France and Russia. It is my view that the First World War was effectively planned, all be it for a later date, and that due to some miscalculations, it was then brought forward so that war would break out in Europe in August 1914. Using sources from various historians, I will argue this point of a planned war blaming it almost solely on the part of the German Empire and bringing in the other side of the argument, that the First World War was the result of accident and miscalculation. The most important idea in the argument that Germany planned the First World War is to be found in the Foreign Policies that she pursued from the late Nineteenth Century to the outbreak of war in 1914. It was the view that no matter how achieved, a German dominated Europe would provide a successful base for the ideal of Weltpolitik. This idea of Weltpolitik was the aim at the head of the hierarchy of German Foreign Policy; it gave the notion of a world mission, but an aggressive one, a mission where no man or nation would stand in the way of its objectives. The key point when describing German Foreign Policy before 1914 is of their willingness to risk war for their own gains in order to achieve world domination and the status of a major power. Michael Gordon argues that this war Germany risked did not, in their minds, involve Britain their greatest rival; As far as German policy is concerned, its readiness to risk war for its own ends either a local Balkan war fought by its ally in Vienna or a larger, continental-sized war in which it, France and Russia participated now seems unshakably established. therefore it seems that by 1914, the Germans had already decided that some form of war would occur. It is also evident that she had a clear plan of her ambitions and military aims later undone by her miscalculation of British and Russian policy which would result in a German dominated Europe; By either one of these two wars the German government thought its interests would be served: at minimum, a successful localised war kept limited by Russias backing off in fear would in the German view probably break up the Franco-Russian alliance, shore up the tottering Austro-Hungarian Empire, and clear the way in Central Europe for an eventual German breakthrough to successful Weltpolitik. It is my view that German Foreign Policy therefore dictated a planned war. This planned war may have been intended to be a fairly localised affair, but then the Germans had obviously either been misled or been ignorant to the stances of both Britain and Russia concerning this idea. Gordon argues that German leaders did not consciously aim at it , but that world war merely emanated from continental war in 1914. The previous German generation were devotees of the world policy , devised by Bismarck but taken up and massively extended by his successor Kaiser Wilhelm II. On his accession to the German throne in July 1888, Wilhelm quickly laid out his programme for country; he wanted to secure Germany a place in the sun . This could have meant anything, but translated, it meant that the basic and primary idea was to destroy Englands position in the world to Germanys advantage . Further translated, the Kaisers ideas aspire to the German jealousy of Britain and her wealth, colonial rule, ind ustrialisation and above all, world naval supremacy. Previous wars of the early Twentieth Century, for example, the Sino-Japanese and Boer Wars had proved the importance of sea power. Fritz Fischer argues that the construction of a great fleet was at the centre of Germanys political plans and that to build such a supreme fleet was the only way of catching up with Britain and being equal to other world powers. Again this jealousy is re-iterated by the lack of self-belief from the German government. We can see therefore, that her Foreign Policy was aggressive when it need not have been and that the idea of Weltpolitik was based on insurances from her huge army and navy. The government now had the full backing of groups of industry, which now heavily concentrated on shipbuilding. Pre-war German Foreign Policy can be summed up by Max Schinkel, the director of Germanys second largest bank; the broader basis in Europe was necessary for laying economic foundations of German world policy It can be argued that this world policy originated under Bismarckian rule, but it is my view that Bismarck merely fuelled the German people with ideas and the accession of Wilhelm made sure that these changes were not only made, but also radically altered and put harshly into place. All armies make plans. However do they make such specific and intentional plans as the Germans did before the First World War? The m ain reason that people think Germany planned the war is due to the Schlieffen Plan. However, as John Keegan argues, the Schlieffen Plan was merely a military affair with military objectives if such a conflict in Europe arose. However it did contain very specific aims in accordance with where the first attacks would be made and then where the majority of fighting would take place; In no sense did it precipitate the First World War Neither did its failure it was a plan for a quick victory in a short war Nevertheless, Schlieffens plan dictated where the wars focus would lie and through its innate flaws, the possibility of its protraction. I believe that what Schlieffen had in mind was a purely military plan, if, by chance, such a crisis arose. I do not believe that Schlieffen himself had anything to do with how the war came into being; he was purely commissioned to draft such a plan. However, the Kaiser, who wanted this war plan drawn up, did have many ulterior motives. He is the main figure in Germany at this time and it is very much as what he says goes. No one would dare question him due to his absolute intolerance of argumentative characters. What Schlieffen came up with was; a plan pregnant with dangerous uncertainty: the uncertainty of the quick victory it was designed to achieve; the greater uncertainty of what would follow if it did not attain its intended object. it seems, therefore, that the Germans, although they had this plan, had no kind of backup or alternative strategy. That idea is typical of the Kaisers character. On many occasions he would just throw everything out of the window and go for his objectives by the shortest possible route. This also confirms and is confirmed by the definition of Weltpolitik that no man or nation would stand in the way of Germany. Did other countries have war plans? Yes, of course, but none were as grandiose and as specific as the German idea. The French war plan confirmed her timidity in the face of her great enemy Germany. At first, they toyed with the idea of defence of the common frontier in the event of war , as; A French attack was though impossible by reason of disparity of numbers. A static French population of forty million could not challenge an expanding German population already fifty million strong and rising fast .. However, this was later disposed of and after some altercation concerning which was the best form of attack, Plan XVII was created in April 1913 but kept secret until the outbreak of war which dictated a headlong attack across the common Franco-German frontier, into Lorraine and towards the Rhine . This then became the French war plan. It was minimal and uncomplicated compared to that of Germany and in my opinion how a war plan should be set out. I believe a war plan should contain certain objectives, but mostly a lot of room to manoeuvre as there is always the problem of miscalculation (which Germany will later become the victim of). It is Fischers view (and I am inclined to agree with him) that it is the idea of world power and German domination that led to the outbreak of war. He argues that Germanys claim to world power was based on her consciousness of being a young, growing and rising nation . This national expansion on all fronts meant that Germany was developing into a high ly industrialised exporting country. However she was running out of options, with so many enemies, of finding markets and raw materials. This did not affect the Germans and played right into their hands and their world mission idea. Through this forced change of markets, she shifted her trade from the traditions of Britain, France and Europe to a worldwide trade; in 1913 the share of Europe in her imports and exports had gone down by 30 per cent; overseas countries, the tropics and above all South America, were supplying an increasing proportion of her raw materials. This advance of Germany in the world of business was based on the expansion of the great iron and steel industry, however new industries, including global communications, were starting to become successful. Therefore this reinforces the view that Germany was becoming a great power and that the people themselves through the Kaisers erratic ideas thought that they were becoming a real force and that the world mission was now a realistic target. It had already been proven that naval power was an incredibly important asset for a country to own; to free hers elf from dependence on British ships.., to enable her to bring her exports, financed by her own capital, to their markets abroad without British middle-men, Germany had to have her own merchant marine. the idea of this new naval power was that it would protect shipping and force Britain to regard her as an equal. However I believe that the new German Navy was a status symbol as much as it was a powerful weapon, as all of these domestic policies were geared towards strengthening Germany and therefore, it being easier to weaken other countries. Moreover, with her lack of raw materials, it became difficult for Germany to maintain her penetration of world markets; the narrowness of her raw materials market became increasingly apparent, and as she penetrated more deeply into world markets, this narrowness became more irksome. by now we can see the extent of Germanys (but predominantly the Kaisers) ideas. It is clear that there are no alternatives but to go for the highest objective by the quickest route, ignoring all other possibilities. I believe that these policies were absurd considering how close they were to fulfilling their goal of Weltpolitik. When taking into account the second argument; that the First World War was the result of accident and miscalculation, I do not believe that any cause s of the war can be attributed to accident, because when nations have such rigid policies and plans concerning Foreign and Domestic Policies and long-term war plans, it is impossible to see how any accidents can happen. However there were a miscalculations made, although I do not believe that these miscalculations were direct causes of the First World War. The idea of a German dominated Europe and all of Germanys war plans were greatly undone by her total miscalculation of British and Russian policy. As previously mentioned German Policy makers believed that their fight would be a short, successful and localised affair, due to Russia being too weak to try to deal with Germany now this Great Power; at minimum, a successful, localised war kept limited by Russias backing off in fear it is clear that the Germans really thought that Russia was basically insignificant. They drew this conclusion from the fact that Russia had already fought in a large war less than ten years earlier the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-5 as Russias drive across Asia and the Far-East continued. However, either by Russias secretiveness or by Germanys lack of detailed research, the German government did not realise that Russia w ould be able, not only to defend herself, but also to attack Germany. After much confrontation in the Balkans, Kaiser Wilhelm II was convinced that we shall soon see the third chapter of the Balkan wars in which we shall be involved . He was convinced that the balance of powers depended on that in the Balkans. It was to be these relatively small Balkan Wars that would lead to world war. The Kaiser gave the notion that Germany could deal with that though and therefore started to lay out diplomatic ideas for war with Russia. I believe that a German-Russian war was always going to occur; it was just a matter of when. In conversation with Archduke Franz Ferdinand the German Ambassador to Serbia the Kaiser argued that it was vital for Austria-Hungary her great ally to take action against Serbia, and that Russia wouldnt oppose, as she was by no means ready for war . However, with the assassination of Ferdinand by the Serbs, Germany agreed that the Balkan crisis was irreconcilable. Therefore, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia and this was a move designed to improve Germanys position for eventual war with Russia. However, German assumption that Russia wasnt ready for war and wouldnt oppose Austria-Hungarys action s proved to be mistaken. Therefore, this eventual German-Russian war followed by four days and not four years as it had been laid out to do in 1917 in accordance with the Schlieffen Plan. However, Wilhelms arrogance and stupidity grew further. He saw the German-Russian war merely as a nuisance and that the Russian recovery gave them an unexpected problem, as their main objective was to acquire extra European Empire at Britains expense. I believe it was Russias attitude that Germany miscalculated, as she was and always has been a very secretive nation. We can also see through the alliances, how this conflict merged into world war. Moreover Germany underestimated Britain. She saw her archrival as being merely a diplomatic power, which was not big enough or daring enough to risk war for the sake of others. I believe it was this German attitude and her supposed increased threat that caused Britain to intervene militarily, more than her alliance with Russia. Therefore due to these great miscalculations, the Schlieffen Plan became void and Germany found herself encircled and in a world war situation. I have already mentioned that Schlieffens plan was pregnant with dangerous uncertainty of what would follow if it did not attain i ts intended objectives , and that is precisely what happened. Since the Germans had no backup plan, they forced themselves into a situation for which they werent prepared. Keegan finally points out that Secret plans determined that any crisis not settled by sensible diplomacy would, in the circumstances prevailing in Europe in 1914 lead to general war. In conclusion, I agree with Keegan, that through all events, war became an inevitable prospect. However through my arguments and chosen sources we can see that the First World War was ultimately planned and due to miscalculation on Germanys part, brought forward to August 1914. Moreover, her argument that the war was the result of accident and miscalculation does not stand up. This is shown mostly in Fischers argument that ultimately she could have prevented a world war even though she planned some kind of war such was her control over Europe at this time. BIBLIOGRAPHY FISCHER, F., Germanys Aims in the First World War (London: Chatto Windus, 1967) GORDON, M., Domestic Conflict and the Origins of the First World War: The British and the German Cases, Journal of Modern History, vol. 46 (1974) KAISER, D., Germany and the Origins of the First World War, Journal of Modern History, vol. 55 (1983) KEEGAN J., The First World War (London: Pimlico, 1999) KEIGER, J., France and the Origins of the World War (London: McMillan, 1983) WEHLER, H-U., The German Empire 1871-1918 (1985) WILSON, K., European Diplomacy 1871-1914, in PUGH, M, ed, A Companion to Modern European History 1871-1945 (Oxford: Blackwell, 1997)

kafka Essay -- essays research papers

Mistreatment from the 1800’s is Still Reflected in Modern Day Society   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The father’s explanations were to some extent the first pleasant news that Gregor got to hear since his imprisonment.† (p. 1654) In the story The Metamorphosis, by Franz Kafka, the character Gregor undergoes a metamorphosis into an insect and experiences what it’s like to feel imprisoned and mistreated within his own home. Throughout the story he continuously is mistreated by his family and sadly still reflects modern day families and society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gregor family consisted of his father, his mother and his sister Grete. Before Gregor had turn into an insect he was the main provider of income and covered all expenditures for his family. Gregor was the only person that worked in his family and was a traveling salesman. Therefore, his parents and sister stayed at home and did nothing while Gregor worked everyday. Kafka describes Gregor’s father as having an â€Å"†¦unsuccessful life† and â€Å"he had grown very fat, becoming rather clumsy.†(p. 1655). His father at one point owned his own business but it had collapsed five years earlier from the day of Gregors transformation. However his father still remained to have a strong sense for business. His mother was lazy and found to be less intelligent then the rest of the family. She also was not working. Kafka states, And perhaps the old mother go to work-she, who suffered from asthma, who found it strenuous just walking through the apartment, and who spent every other day on the sofa grasping for air by the open window? (p.1655). His sister was seventeen, kind to Gregor, beautiful, and musical. She played the violin. Grete soon took over as head of the house hold when Gregor turned into an insect.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With Gregor’s transformation thus brings about the problem of who’s going to now provide for the family. This problem then brings upon mistreatment towards Gregor. Many times throughout the story he is forgotten about, attacked, and made to feel dehumanized and no longer apart of the family. In the beginning of his transformation Grete is the only one who takes care of Gregor. She feeds him twice a day and tries to make sure his food is of his liking. His mother in the beginning seems to still care for him but however, cannot bear to look at him or enter the room. The fat... ...ought about others and truly cared about others happiness. However many times he felts pressured by his family to work and feels that helpless and guilty when he can no longer provide for his family. To me this is way he transforms, because he is so pressured he fears it so much that it’s almost like he willed it to happen. I feel this could have all been avoided. I feel that Gregor should have left his family and started his own life and paid for his own bills. His family did not appreciate him and all that he provided for them so there was no need to put himself under that kind of pressure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I felt The Metamorphosis, by Franz Kafka, proved to be an excellent science fiction writer through the use of details. â€Å"His many legs, wretchedly thin compared to his overall girth, danced helplessly before his eyes† (p. 1641); this is just one of many example that Kafka uses detail to help the reader visualize Gregor as an insect.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Overall this story provides ideas and activities of society during the late 1800’s and modern day life still today. Because of pressure from society and our families we tend to mistreat those around us.

Y is history important

History is important to us because it is the heritage that shaped the world we live in today. What we do today will be part of history in the future. It Is mainly important because it helps us to understand the world, and how It became what we see today. It can help us to solve problems that we face today by seeing the solutions that were tried In the past. We must learn from mistakes that were made before us, so that we do not repeat them. So that you can help to avoid petting Its mistakes.History Is Important as It covers a huge spectrum of human satellites Including arts- literature, architecture, politics, painting and many others. We have to consider our past to build our future because we learn from our past mistakes. We learn to Improve by learning from past mistakes-Through history we learn about our culture,traditional and moral values. It's Important to learn about out country's history because history always repeats Itself. So, when history does repeat Itself, we have a be tter understanding on how to resolve it. For example, we can get ideas on how to help our economy by looking back at the Great Depression. Also, so to learn how superior your country is over other countries and races of people prompting extermination. It's important to learn about out country's history because history always repeats itself. Also, when history does repeat itself, we have a people prompting extermination.

Tree Leaf Abscission and Cellular Senescence

Leaf abscission occurs at the end of annual plant senescence which causes the tree to achieve winter dormancy. Abscission The word abscission in biological terms means shedding of various parts of an organism. The noun is of Latin origin and was first used in 15th century English as a word to describe the act or process of cutting off. Abscission, in botanical terms, most commonly describes the process by which a plant drops one or more of its parts. This shedding or dropping process includes spent flowers, secondary twigs, ripe fruits and seeds and, for the sake of this discussion, a leaf. When leaves fulfill their summer duty of producing food and growth regulators, a process of shutting down and sealing off the leaf begins. The leaf is connected to a tree via its petiole and the twig-to-leaf connection is called the abscission zone. The connective tissue cells in this zone specifically grow to be easily broken apart when the sealing process begins and have a built-in weak point which allows for proper shedding. Most deciduous (means falling in Latin) plants (including hardwood trees) drop their leaves by abscission before winter, while evergreen plants (including coniferous trees) continuously abscise their leaves. Fall leaf abscission is thought to be caused by a reduction of chlorophyll due to shortened hours of sunlight. The zone connective layer begins to harden and blocks the transport of nutrients between the tree and leaf. Once the abscission zone has been blocked, a tear line forms and the leaf is blown away or falls off. A protective layer seals the wound, preventing water evaporating and bugs getting in. Senescence Interestingly, abscission is the very last step in the process of cellular senescence of deciduous plant/tree leaves. Senescence is a naturally designed process of the aging of certain cells that takes place in a series of events that prepares a tree for dormancy. Abscission can also occur in trees outside of autumn shedding and dormancy. Leaves of plants can abscise as a means of plant defense. Some examples of this are: dropping of insect-damaged and diseased leaves for water conservation; leaf fall after biotic and abiotic tree stresses including chemical contact, excessive sunlight, and heat; increased contact with plant growth hormones.